Racism, Sexism, and Sexuality Shown Through M. Butterfly...

Who is stronger? The East or the West? Do the Oriental people truly succumb to the threats of the western white man? Based on the views of the non-oriental people, the Oriental people secretly want to get dominated by a stronger force, comparing them to a woman, or just simply calling their race feminine. The show M. Butterfly by David Henry Hwang is able to express different issues regarding the theory of Orientalism by hiding it amongst several conversations between characters. The play can be seen as highly political because of topics it chooses to discuss despite the fact that the lead character is a diplomat. Though somewhat unrelated; M. Butterfly can even have a certain Brecht-esque quality to it. Because it contains several†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Death with honor/ Is better than life/ Life with dishonor† (17). Gallimard is translating for Song in this passage. Song being Oriental, this line would be expected and wouldn’t cause much of a point, but w hen Gallimard states it again in the end of the play on page 68 and it causes much more feeling out of the audience. Why is that? Gallimard is French and not Chinese. Those kinds of words aren’t stereotypical of a French man, which is normally not known as the concerns of a Caucasian male, but rather an Oriental male. The aspects of Orientalism are not solely focused on the West’s views of the East, but can also be the other way around. â€Å"Her mouth says no, but her eyes say yes. The West thinks of itself as masculine—big guns, big industry, big money—so the East is feminine—weak, delicate, poor, but good at art, and full of inscrutable wisdom—the feminine mystique. Her mouth says no, but her eyes say yes. The West believes the East, deep down, wants to be dominated—because a woman can’t think for herself† (62). That quote was said by Song after he officially reveals to the court that he was a man, but before he offic ially revealed it to Gallimard. This quote is important because it gives an impression of what the East sees the West as and what they realized they’re thought of. Song compares himself to a woman, despite the fact that he dressed as one for twenty years, because

Essay about American Civil War and United Fruit Company

In, â€Å"Testimony: Death of a Guatemalan Village,† Victor Montejo describes events surrounding the military rà ©gimes occurring throughout Guatemala. The book itself is an eyewitness account detailing one instance of violence between the indigenous peoples villages civil patrol and the army. This occurrence leads to the execution and imprisonment of many villagers. Even though the book is mainly a testimony by one person, in which he discusses the personal conflicts and struggle between himself and the army, the account is structured around the Guatemalan civil war and the conflict between the government and civilians. The Guatemalan Civil War occurred between the years 1960 to 1996. It was a battle between the government of Guatemala and†¦show more content†¦The army also rob and burn down parts of the village. In one case, a young man who was part of the patrols is shot and as he laid dying, reveals that the uniform worn (in that particular day) by the army was similar to the ones the guerrillas would wear, except that the guerrillas didn’t cause any harm as they walk through the village. This has a lot to say about how the civilians saw the government’s military, and how they saw their repressive state; being something they had to do without question due to fear. Taking a look at the testimony alone, we can also see how society was effected. Out of Montejo’s brief background detailing the failures of the presidents and the absolute repression faced by the civilians, we can conclude that the governments force to keep the guerillas unsuccessful was limited and pushed society into rebellions. In other words, as the army continued to torture and persecute the innocent, many found it necessary to fall into the hands of the guerrillas in order to stamp out their oppression. Maria Lupe’s account is similar to Montejos. She describes her hardships as a house wife, working on a plantation of a rich land owner. Her husb and worked for 50 cents per day, and her payment was in food. She mentions moving closer to the north in a townShow MoreRelatedThe Age Of Exploration By Christopher Columbus1358 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as the â€Å"Age of Exploration†. Europe began to colonize the countries they had â€Å"discovered†. A major part of the world that they colonized was Latin America. Spain was the first to colonize, and the United States started to take interest in Latin America towards the 19th century. Europe and The United States both took interest in Latin America, but for different reasons. Spain was the first European nation to colonize Latin America, beginning with Christopher Columbus voyage in 1492. 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The country is new with its independence and struggles because ofRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt s Presidency925 Words   |  4 PagesFranklin D. Roosevelt’s presidency was characterized by large-scale domestic reform and the threat, and eventual involvement, in World War II. After World War I, there was no hiding from the necessity of foreign policy, which is â€Å"a government’s strategy in dealing with other nations† (___). The most significant policy in international relations of Franklin Roosevelt’s administration was the of the Good Neighbor Policy in 1933. There were several factors that contributed to the development of thi sRead MoreAre We Free? Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesPerkins Gilman, and Woodrow Wilson. Post Civil war marked a rebirth of a nation. For certain individuals the notion of being free finally had significant meaning. The African-Americans for the first time were liberated from the shackles they once possess. 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Fashion Retail Management

Question: Discuss about the Fashion Retail Management. Answer: Introduction The case of Burberry not only highlight the struggle of a company to evolve which lost focus on its roots but not to forget the very remarkable role of unwavering executive that turned the lights on for Burberry. As in the case we observed a brand which lost the platform of its business with the aim of bring luxury to the omnipresence state and that was time which brought setback to Burberry business. After the new CEO Angela stepped in, she observed that top notch employees of the company were not promoting anything about Burberry as they do not own anything under thing brand and as a CEO, she easily analyzed the unspoken truth about the business situation of the Burberry. Burberry had around 23 licenses under which different products were being sold around the globe but there was no focus on its core strengths area- Trench coats. In the beginning, trench coats were its iconic wear but now company was not realizing anything on them. The only focus on leather goods and modest luxury clothing did not brought enough cash on the financials of the Burberry. Re-invention of the any brand is the world of competition is not easy process because it involves a complete refreshment of product lines with the aim of connecting the products with the customers. Burberry was mainly concentrating on the competition whereas to regain its brand value, it should have fostered its areas of strength. The case of Burberry also highlighted that for all business aiming to showcase themselves to be brand icon need to stick to the core of their business. Every business start with something exclusive and if they move ahead leaving the roots, it is nearly impossible to form a structured brand no matter how much is the investment made. The recovery plan strategies need to optimize the best resource Burberry had it from base. Business experts believe in the power of innovation and as per business needs and goals, accordingly installation of strategies should be the priority. (Brooks, 2013) Strategies Issues For Burberry, there were voluminous unsolved questions which need answers soon because future of the business was at stake and there was no strategy of comeback. The sales were highly impacted and questions were raised on the direction of the business. Superfluous interrogations were about what Burberry was selling, to whom was selling and who they were competing. All business activities are different and management need to analyze to understand the thin line difference between critical and strategic issues. (Halter, 2010) Major strategic issues that triggered business problems in Burberry are identified as follows: Burberrys efforts to be omnipresent-Though Burberry was presenting the face of luxury in the luxury sector which was growing in tremendous way, the company did not earn well because in the efforts of being present everywhere in the world, it was no more luxury. Due to this, elite customer base moved away from Burberry and financial situation was at stake. There was around 23 licenses with Burberry and under those different licenses. Product being sold were like Kilts, dog cover ups, leashes and so on. Though these products were bringing usual revenue for the business but again these products were generic and not highly exclusive. (Sherman, 2009).Consumer anticipation is the high when products are exclusive and are available at specific outlets or stores. Burberry was not making efforts to be have selected products and be at only good real estate locations to optimize on customers available on such locations. Burberry lost its charm by having something for everyone and being at locati ons without elite crowd. In marketing positioning of products is a crucial thing. Not sticking to the core business line-The business of Burberry did not enjoyed many advantages in spite of its rich growth history of trench coats. The core strength of the business was its iconic wear trench coats but Burberry didnt capitalize it and thus lost its focus from being a luxury brand to something else that later did not proved fruitful. The valuable assets of the company were ignored and profits were very low as compared to competitive firms such as LVMH, PPR. When company was selling trench coats initially, they became famous in short period. The fabric of the trench coats was unique and this was produced at the Yorkshire facility of Burberry but both, this location as well as the fabric produce were ignored and problems were invited. The unique business line which was core of the business soon became very down and just contributed one-fifth to the total sales. The advantage of central focus was lost. It is not always beneficial to go for more leaving the core behind. Prospects of new venture need to scrutinize before the final move is taken. (Waite, 2002) Lack of one attribute consistency- One of the unique feature that every brand possess is uniqueness of the products or services. For example, Macdonald restaurant will have the nearly same taste of burger and courtesy of the staff will be similar to each other no matter which restaurant you step in across the globe. Burberry didnt had same kind of consistency in relation to the products it was selling. Every time a customer would visit stores of Burberry at different locations, the experience of each store was different whether it be sales associate ability, infrastructure, and product line and so on. This was a major hurdle in the line of Burberry to be a brand. It is not always that customers will share same value across the globe there could be conflicting viewpoints so branding is a thoughtful process and the best that can be made common is superior quality. (Holt, Quelch and Taylor, 2004). Recovery Plan Recovery plan of Burberry was not easy as expected because some breath-taking decisions were required and they made the road to better future clearer. There was need to look back to the roots and actual problems were figured out. Efforts started to revive the core strength of the business and later, this proved worthy enough to be called as brand Burberry. The new CEO, Angela took all steps to regain focus of the business and she stood by her vision of bringing back charm which was lost. Angela made it sure that lead in the category of newcomers was captured. Whether the business is small or big, it do not matter because one have to compete for business continuity and there needs planning for the same. Business continuity is one thing on which recovery plan is actionable. (Lindros and Tittel, 2013). Steps implemented in recovering the lost focus of the business: Getting back to the basics- Since we analyzed that Burberry lost its core strength and concentrated only on competition, now was the time to get the basics right. The Burberry top management under the vision of Angela started the efforts to bring trench coats back to its product line and present the come through well-established marketing campaign. To reinforce rich heritage of Burberry, the goal was set to put weight on progress of core luxury products and everything in the business should relate to core of the business. Share, Engage and Involve-The change was not be overnight possibility for Burberry and management knew it. Angela had a clear and big picture in her mind and this picture was about bringing drastic opportunities to the business. She conveyed the message and confirmed that change makers of Burberry are through with what they are doing and how they will be doing. In a nutshell, recovery mission with effort based vision was shared, people got engaged with the enthusiasm of the CEO and time was near to see the expected results. Bringing in Christopher Bailey was thoughtful move and all the products of the Burberry were passed through his eyes which were sharp with fashion. (Rose, 2015) Shaking decision of layoffs and closures was right move- Closing factories of New Jersey and Wales, people lost jobs and these all decisions were never without controversies. Closing few outlets was must have step to move towards branding of the business. Closing the factory which was only producing polo shirts was not a loss and the capital and human resources were invested in Castleford facility to produce the core products. Questions were raised by shareholders, government with the position of the firm but all was handled well by the CEO with her strategies and revival plan and we all know, rest is history. Change in the corporate structure- The changes made were big enough and now was the time to reflect those changes through set mechanism. To do this, shift was made from Burberrys historical structure to new classical and it was necessary because new things packed in old packets will never be sold. There are always different legal formalities associated with corporate structures of the business and several criterias need to be evaluated. (Khwaja, 2013) A functional expertise was hired to strengthen the retail activities and sales people were trained. The target of training was also to ensure that sales people do not neglect customers, not just target on selling regular products and the purpose of training proved worthy. Sales associates know that selling a unique product was way better than putting efforts on numerous budgeted items. Recent Strategies Implemented After the revival of Burberry and now as a brand, it understand well that being stagnant in the fashion industry will bring them back in menace, they already dealt with. In business word, there is no certainty is respect to markets and its reactions Highly profitable businesses can get eroded if there are no back up strategies. (Toner, Ojha, Paepe and Melo, 2015) To manage challenges of the competition and other factors, Burberry implemented following strategies to keep the momentum of growth on and enjoy the perks: Focus on product line areas: Burberry have always believed in its products. Products are the groundwork of growth and efficiency goals. The company have set its focus on end to end category management of key products with the aim and target of inventiveness towards both heritage and fashion. After the recovery of trench coats, the next area of force which is drive the company is bags. Burberry believe that they need to infiltrate more into the section of bags which in future will turn beneficial for the financial health of the company. (Burberryplc.com) Optimize Channels- The purpose of this strategy is to cover all the market routes whether making sales online or offline, whether selling products through own stores or third parties. Burberry have put customer as center point for its activities with the aim of maintaining customer loyalty and their retention. Enhancement of the services and effectively managing the profile of existing customers and warm welcome of the new leads put a point that the company has come all the way to create happy customers. (Burberryplc.com) Investing in digital-Today technology is moving the world and being digitally advanced will add up the value of the firm. Burberry made investment in Burberry.com and this platform delivered strong growth. Burberry provided the customers with the opportunity to view all its products, varieties available with locations with enhanced delivery. This provided customers with delighted shopping experience. Recent add on of 18 more fashion and beauty product platforms have enabled Burberry to compete with difference against other digitalized commercial players. (Burberryplc.com) Store Investment-Burberry is focus to brace its stores through openings in key location with strategies of reallocations and renovations. Burberry have recently launched new 18 leading stores (closing 17 at different locations across the globe) with the target of value presence. (Burberryplc.com) Unlock market opportunities- Burberry is leaving no stone unturned and evolving its footsteps and stand in all differentiation of markets such as developed markets, younger markets, new customer lines and so on. During 2015/16, Burberry have moved its focus untapped areas such as engaging the Chinese luxury customers to bring and maintain the luxury sector trend, transforming Japan with the aim of building strong brand awareness and building young markets because early growth markets need to be tapped early and Burberry is smart organization to do so. (Burberryplc.com) Conclusion Burberry was established in 1856 and after a rise, there were losses of both finances and brand value. But comeback was tremendously happening to regain the brand and reinvention of the brand today have expanded a lot. The credit of this retaliating success is exceptional leadership and innovation. After setbacks, Burberry learnt the changing customer needs and market demands and then accordingly strategies were made and implemented. This case also put light on the business working strategies whether focus was need for expansion or core line of products could bring better sales and loyal customers. Any business with trusted roots can continue to grow its line and enhance its market credibility. To make a comeback from setback situations, there is always need for clear vision and organized leadership which will make a stand in the adverse situations. References Sherman, L. (2009), How and how not--to sell luxury, Forbes, accessed on 15 August 2016, https://www.forbes.com/2009/04/16/luxury-strategy-marketing-opinions-book-review-vuitton-hermes-fendi.html Brooks, C. (2013), Innovation: key to successful business, Business news daily, accessed on 15 August 2016 https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5167-innovation.html Halter, J. (2010), Strategic issues vs. critical issues, Street smart leader, accessed on 15 August 2016, https://streetsmartleader.com/2010/08/16/strategic-issues-vs-critical-issues/ Waite, T. (2002), Stick to the core or go for more, Harvard business review, accessed on 15 August 2016, https://hbr.org/2002/02/stick-to-the-core-or-go-for-more Holt, D. Quelch, J and Taylor E. (2004), How global brands compete, Harvard business review, accessed on 15 August 2016, https://hbr.org/2004/09/how-global-brands-compete Lindros, K. and Tittel, E. (2013), How to Create an Effective Business Continuity Plan, CIO, accessed on 15 August 2016, https://www.cio.com/article/2381021/best-practices/how-to-create-an-effective-business-continuity-plan.html Rose, F. (2015), Burberry: How a failing English luxury brand managed to turn itself around, Deep media, accessed on 15 August 2016, https://www.deepmediaonline.com/deepmedia/2015/04/burberry-how-a-luxury-brand-turned-itself-around.html Khwaja, A. (2013), Choose your business structure, Entrepreneur, accessed on 15 August 2016, https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/38822 Toner, M. Ojha, N. Papae, P. and Melo, M. (2015), A Strategy for Thriving in Uncertainty, Bain and Company, accessed on 15 August 2016, https://www.bain.com/publications/articles/a-strategy-for-thriving-in-uncertainty.aspx Drive future growth and productivity, Burberry, accessed on 15 August 2016, https://www.burberryplc.com/about_burberry/our_strategy

Theories of Teaching and Learning-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Theories of Teaching and Learning. Answer: Introduction Learning has been regarded as a complex process and every student has their unique learning process by using various technologies and information. In the process of learning, the theories of learning such as constructivism, behaviourism and more tend to advantageous for student as well as for teachers (Jaber, 2016). Accordingly teachers and educators are actively involved in providing better education to students by implementing different learning styles and theories. The paper elucidates on narrative analysis of different learning views of the researcher. Discussion Students find learning to be a complex process as it tends to deal with pedagogy and psychology. By understanding the complexity in learning and its risks, it helps to develop and implement effective learning theories that will help to develop better learning process (Leeuw et al., 2015). Families and schools play an important role to make the process of learning resourceful. Figure 1: Learning process Source: (Leeuw et al., 2015) While I was a student, I had faced difficulty with the learning process as I was poor in English. Though my writing skill for English was good, but I had problem in speaking as I could not able to speak fluent English. Moreover the educational system of our country mainly focussed on the writing and practicing skill and the teachers of my school used to teach us English in our native language. This put a negative impact on my reading and speaking skill and because of this I was very ashamed of speaking in English in front of my friends and relatives. Moreover this had also lowered my level of confidence and my parents were very concerned regarding my English speaking skill. Furthermore, my parents were also concerned and worried regarding my English speaking skills and tried to find out ant possible solutions so that I could overcome this problem. Although my parents tried their level best my applying various measures so that I could increase my level of confidence, but then nothing proved beneficial. After few months, my parents got to know about an English teacher from other school who provides personal tuition in English. I decided to join his tutorial class and that tuition class had been the turning point of my life. The English teacher was a very supportive and friendly teacher and always provided me best possible solutions to improve my speaking skills and whenever I used to need her assistance he tried out his level best to help me in whichever way he could. Her teaching procedure was a very interesting and exciting process that helped students like me to get into the depth of the subject. Prior to that, the personal English teacher had implemented spaced learning method that is the method mainly focused on repeating things for numerous times until the student gets a clear concept (Smolen, Zhang Byrne, 2016). Accordin gly she used to explain me the subject that many times until the concept became clear. Apart from this another learning technique was implemented by my teacher that was the self learning technique, through which my teacher used to encourage me to learn certain things by my own by developing new ideas. The self learning techniques had helped me the most as I was able to use my creativity and ideas in my learning process. Figure 2: Teaching through role play Source: (Huang et al., 2014) Prior to this, my personal English did not limit the teaching process only to text books, but she also applied other processes such as small group discussion, extempore where students had to speak on any random topic, role play and more. Moreover, implementation of different learning styles in studying process helps to understand things more easily, as different students prefers different types of learning (Huang et al., 2014). Therefore, with the implication of different learning styles students can learn as per their unique styles, similarly my personal tutor had also implemented the VARK learning styles, and as I preferred learning visually, therefore my teacher used to teach me with the help of images, diagrams and with real life pictures. This had been highly beneficial for me as it helped me to learn things more easily. However, this learning style is widely implemented by many professionals while teaching students as it consisted of four styles of learning that includes learni ng through visual images, audio, reading or writing and kinaesthetic style (Pritchard, 2017). Apart from this, in the teaching procedures, teachers have been seen in implementing of various learning theories in their teaching process as it proofed beneficial for students as well as for teachers. Various learning theories include behaviourist theory, cognitive theories and more (Walker, 2017). To improve my English speaking skill, my teacher had also implemented behaviourist learning theory in his teaching procedure. The behaviourist theory tends to focus on the behavioural pattern of the students that includes the learning ability, interest and skills and accordingly the teacher tries to focus on that particular field to enhance students to perform effectively (Heeneman, et al., 2015). However, my learning interest was through visualising things and by developing new ideas, therefore after observing my learning process, my teacher introduced visual learning system, group talks, role play so that I could speak fluent English. Thus, in this way, with the help of my English teacher I had been able to improve my English speaking skill, and in the present day I can speak fluent English with confidence. Figure 3: VARK learning style Source: (Heeneman, et al., 2015) It is important to note that learning theories helps to initiate better performance and help teachers to understand the behaviour and emotions of the students and accordingly can implement appropriate learning methods to maximize learning (Husmann O'Loughlin, 2018). There are various advantages and disadvantages of learning theories such as learning theories helps teachers to identify students psychology and thoughts. Whereas it has one major disadvantage as the theories are all limited, it could not able to explain everything regarding the students nature and behaviour. Conclusion From the above conclusion it could be concluded that my narrative analysis explained my learning process and the way through which I was able to improve my English speaking. Furthermore, the implementation of learning theories and styles proved advantageous as it helped in positive ways. Apart from the strength, the learning theories have weakness too such as learning theories could not able to understand the overall behaviour of the student References De Leeuw, A., Valois, P., Ajzen, I., Schmidt, P. (2015). Using the theory of planned behavior to identify key beliefs underlying pro-environmental behavior in high-school students: Implications for educational interventions.Journal of Environmental Psychology,42, 128-138. Heeneman, S., Oudkerk Pool, A., Schuwirth, L. W., Vleuten, C. P., Driessen, E. W. (2015). The impact of programmatic assessment on student learning: theory versus practice.Medical education,49(5), 487-498. Huang, D. A., Kang, L. W., Wang, Y. C. F., Lin, C. W. (2014). Self-learning based image decomposition with applications to single image denoising.IEEE Transactions on multimedia,16(1), 83-93. Husmann, P. R., O'Loughlin, V. D. (2018). Another nail in the coffin for learning styles? Disparities among undergraduate anatomy students study strategies, class performance, and reported VARK learning styles.Anatomical sciences education. Jaber, M. Y. (Ed.). (2016).Learning curves: Theory, models, and applications. CRC Press. Pritchard, A. (2017).Ways of Learning: Learning Theories for the Classroom. Routledge. Smolen, P., Zhang, Y., Byrne, J. H. (2016). The right time to learn: mechanisms and optimization of spaced learning.Nature Reviews Neuroscience,17(2), 77. Walker, S. (2017).Learning theory and behaviour modification. Routledge.

Huey P. Newton And The Black Panther Party Essays - Black Power

Huey P. Newton And The Black Panther Party During the late 1960's and early '70's posters of the Black Panther Party's co-founder, Huey P. Newton were plastered on walls of college dorm rooms across the country. Wearing a black beret and a leather jacket, sitting on a wicker chair, a spear in one hand and a rifle in the other, the poster depicted Huey Newton as a symbol of his generation's anger and courage in the face of racism and imperialism (Albert and Hoffman 4, 45). His intellectual capacity and community leadership abilities helped to founded the Black Panther Party (BPP). Newton played an instrumental role in refocusing civil rights activists to the problems of urban Black communities. He also tapped the rage and frustration of urban Blacks in order to address social injustice. However, the FBI's significant fear of the Party's aggressive actions would not only drive the party apart but also create false information regarding the Panther's programs and accomplishments. In recent years, historians have devoted much attention of the early 1960's, to Malcolm X and Martin Luther King and have ignored the Black Panthers. The Panthers and Huey P. Newton's leadership of the Party are as significant to the Black freedom struggle as more widely known leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. A typical American history high school textbook not only neglects to mention Huey Newton but also disregards the existence of the Black Panthers altogether. Therefore, we must open this missed chapter in American history and discover the legacy and story of Huey P. Newton. Huey's experiences growing up were centered in his conception of the Black Panthers. Unlike King and many other civil rights leaders who were religious Southerners, from middle class and well-educated families, Huey P. Newton was a working class man from a poor urban black neighborhood. Born February 17, 1942, in Oak Grove Louisiana, Huey moved to Oakland, California when he was just two years old. During childhood, his baby face, light complexion, medium height, squeaky voice and his name Huey, forced him to learn how to fight early on in life. Huey's remarkable quick wit and strength earned him the respect of his peers and the reputation of being a tough guy (Seale 40). Upon his enrollment at Merrit College Huey's academic achievements quickly began to surpass other students, while at the same time he was still able to relate to those he grew up with on the streets of Oakland. Autobiographer, Hugh Pearson in Shadow of the Panther reports that Huey remained comfortable on the street corners with young Negro men who drank wine all day?and fought one another - young men whom most college-bound Negroes shied away from (Pearson 115). Huey's ability and desire to develop his intellect and receive a college education while still identifying with his peers on the street played an influential role in his effective leadership in the Black Panther Party. Early in life Huey experienced regular hostility from local police. He recalled going to the movies as a child where the police would often force him out of the theatre and call him a nigger. Huey reflected upon the mis-treatment in his book To Die for the People; The police were very brutal to us even at that age (Newton 53). Police harassment and physical abuse of Black people became part of every day life for many Blacks across the country. Although the Civil Rights movement was mainly a Southern phenomenon, the non-violent ideology and integrationist focus of the movement became according to historians Floyd W. Haye s and Francis A. C. Kiene as sources of increasing frustration and disillusionment for many Blacks in Northern and Western cities (Hayes and Kiene 159) . As the Civil Rights Movement approached the end of the 1960's northern Blacks became angered by the television coverage of police beatings, incarcerations of Southern non-violent Blacks, employment discrimination along with the police brutalities in Northern Black neighborhoods (Brooks 136). Huey Newton recalls in his autobiography Revolutionary Suicide, We had seen Martin Luther King come to Watts in an effort to calm the people and we have seen his philosophy of nonviolence rejected. Black people had been taught nonviolence; it was deep in us. What good,

Definition and Examples of Regionalisms in English

Definition and Examples of Regionalisms in English Regionalism is a  linguistic term for a word, expression, or pronunciation favored by speakers in a particular geographic area. Many regionalisms [in the U.S.] are relics, notes R.W. Burchfield: words brought over from Europe, chiefly the British Isles, and preserved in one area or another either because of the continuance of older ways of life in these localities, or because a particular type of English  was early established and has not been fully overlaid or undermined (Studies in Lexicography, 1987). In practice, dialect expressions and regionalisms often overlap, but the terms are not identical. Dialects  tend to be associated with groups of people while  regionalisms are  associated with geography. Numerous regionalisms can be found within a particular dialect. The largest and most authoritative collection of regionalisms in American English is the six-volume  Dictionary of American Regional English  (DARE), published between 1985 and 2013. The digital edition of DARE was launched in 2013.   Etymology From the Latin, to ruleExamples and Observations The following definitions were adapted from the  Dictionary of American Regional English.flannel cake  (n) A pancake.  (Usage: Appalachians)flea in ones ear  (n) A hint, warning, disquieting disclosure; a rebuke.  (Usage: chiefly the Northeast)mulligrubs  (n) A condition of despondency or ill temper; a vague or imaginary unwellness.  (Usage: scattered, but especially the South)nebby  (adj) Snoopy, inquisitive.  (Usage: chiefly Pennsylvania)pungle  (v) To shell out; to plunk down (money); to pay up.  (Usage: chiefly West)say-so  (n) An ice-cream cone.  (Usage: scattered)(Celeste Headlee, Regional Dictionary Tracks The Funny Things We Say. Weekend Edition on National Public Radio, June 14, 2009) Pop vs. Soda In the [American] South it’s called Coke, even when it’s Pepsi. Many in Boston say tonic. A precious few even order a fizzy drink. But the debate between those soft drink synonyms is a linguistic undercard in the nation’s carbonated war of words. The real battle: pop vs. soda. (J. Straziuso, Pop vs. Soda Debate. Associated Press, September 12, 2001) Turnpike In Delaware, a turnpike refers to any highway, but in Florida, a turnpike is a toll road. (T. Boyle, The Gremlins of Grammar. McGraw-Hill, 2007) Sack and Poke Sack and poke were both originally regional terms for bag. Sack has since become a Standard term like bag, but poke remains regional, mainly in South Midland Regional dialect. (Kenneth Wilson, The Columbia Guide to Standard American English, 1993) Regionalism in England What some call a roll, others call a bun, or a cob, or a bap, or a bannock, while in other areas [of England] more than one of these words is used with different meanings for each.(Peter Trudgill, The Dialects of England. Wiley, 1999)How do you make your tea? If you come from Yorkshire you probably ‘mash’ it, but people in Cornwall are more likely to ‘steep’ it or ‘soak’ it and southerners often ‘wet’ their tea.(Leeds Reporter, March 1998) Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE) As chief editor of the Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE), a massive effort to collect and record local differences in American English, I spend my days researching the countless examples of regional words and phrases and trying to track their origins. Launched in 1965 at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the project is based on thousands of interviews, newspapers, government records, novels, letters, and diaries. . . .[E]ven as we near the finish line, I encounter a common misperception: people seem to think that American English has become homogenized, making the dictionary a catalog of differences long since flattened out by media, business, and population shifts. There’s a grain of truth to that. Certain regional terms have been weakened by commercial influences, like Subway’s sub sandwich, which seems to be nibbling away at hero, hoagie, and grinder. It’s also true that strangers tend to talk to each other in a somewhat homogeneous voca bulary, and that more Americans are moving away from their linguistic homes as they relocate for school, work, or love.But DARE’s research shows that American English is as varied as ever. The language is diversified by immigration, of course, but also people’s creative license and the resilient nature of local dialects. We have dozens of ways to refer to a remote place, for instance, including the boonies, the sticks, the tules, the puckerbrush, and the willywags. The proverbial village idiot, in such a place, might still be described as unfit to carry guts to a bear or pour piss out of a boot. If his condition is temporary, a Southerner might call him swimmy-headed, meaning dizzy. And if his home is dirty, a Northeasterner might call it skeevy, an adaptation of schifare, the Italian verb to disgust.As these examples suggest, the regionalisms that persist are often not those we learn from books or teachers or newspapers; they are the words we use with friends and fami ly, the phrases we’ve known forever and never questioned until someone from away remarked on them.  (Joan Houston Hall, How to Speak American. Newsweek, August 9, 2010) Regionalisms in the American South Vocabulary is . . . strikingly different in various parts of the South. Nowhere but in the Deep South is the Indian-derived bobbasheely, which William Faulkner employed in The Reivers, used for a very close friend, and only in Northern Maryland does manniporchia (from the Latin mania a potu, craziness from drink) [mean] the D.T.s (delirium tremens). Small tomatoes would be called tommytoes in the mountains (tommy-toes in East Texas, salad tomatoes in the plains area, and cherry tomatoes along the coast). Depending on where you are in the South, a large porch can be a veranda, piazza, or gallery; a burlap bag can be a tow sack, crocus sack, or grass sack; pancakes can be flittercakes, fritters, corncakes, or battercakes; a harmonica can be a mouth organ or french harp; a closet can be a closet or a locker; and a wishbone can be a wishbone or pulley bone. There are hundreds of synonyms for a cling peach (green peach, pickle peach, etc.), kindling wood (lightning wood, lighted knots) an d a rural resident (snuff chewer, kicker, yahoo).  (Robert Hendrickson, The Facts on File Dictionary of American Regionalisms. Facts on File, 2000) Pronunciation: REE-juh-na-LIZ-um

The process and the steps of pearl farming, including the benefits to Essay

The process and the steps of pearl farming, including the benefits to the environmental surrounding - Essay Example Eventually, the researcher will distinguish the differences between pearl oyster and a regular oyster. Prior to the conclusion, the researcher will discuss the positive impact of pearl farming on eco-tourism business in terms of the need to preserve the natural sea environment. Since the 17th century, the United States has been considered as a major source of fresh-water pearls. The â€Å"Tennessee River Freshwater Pearl Farm† which was founded by John Latendresse back in 1979 is the only freshwater pearl farm in the country. (American Pearl Company, 2008; U.S. Pearl Cultivation, 2008) In general, oyster pearls can either be produced in either fresh- or salt-water or both. Salt-water pearls are rounder, bigger, smoother and have a better luster. (Khulsey, 2008) Aside from the physical characteristics of these pearls, one of the most obvious differences between the two types of pearl is the fact that fresh-water pearls are cheaper as compared to salt-water pearls. Pearls that are bred for only a year is significantly cheaper than pearls bred for 30 years or more. (Journal Wuxi: Pearl of Taihu Lake, 2006) The scientific name of fresh water pearl oysters is known as the ‘Pinctada’ family which is totally different from edible oysters known as the ‘Ostreidae’. (Pacific Island, 2008) Silver- or gold-lip pearls mainly come from ‘Pinctada maxima’ whereas the black-lip pearls come from ‘Pinctada margaritifera.’ Saltwater white pearls in Japan’s white pearls come from ‘Pinctada fucata martensi’ which is also known as the ‘Akoya pearl oysters’. Lastly, the Keshii pearls in Japan can be formed either in fresh- or salt-water. (Khulsey, 2008) The sea water condition and age could greatly affect whether the oysters would have the male or a female sex organ. (Pacific Island, 2008) For this reason, maintaining the cleanliness of both fresh- and sea-waters is an essential part of pearl farming. When pearl

Special occasions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Special occasions - Essay Example For Muslims, there is a one-month of fasting being tediously observed during Ramadan to manifest the Prophet Muhammad’s historic acknowledgement of receiving the Quran from the angel Gabriel. These are special occasions that have been repeatedly and religiously observed for centuries. Further, there are special occasions that are deemed extraordinary only to the individual, the family and closest friends. One’s immersion to the world is celebrated annually through diverse means. Birthday celebrations for children are particularly a joyful occasion to cherish. Apart from the lavish preparations for food, party favors, mascots and invitations for guests, birthday celebrations are filled with loved ones and friends sharing precious moments and preserved through gifts, mementos and photographs that are kept to revere in the future. Another set of special occasions shared with family and friends are school affairs such as commencement exercises or graduations from one academic level to another, school prom, or being accepted in a prestigious university for higher education. What do all these occasions have in common that make them special? The most important element, of course, is me and the people who I share these events with. People tend to associate something special when activities are done out of the normal routine of daily endeavors. They only come once in a defined time period. The anticipation for the next event makes them extraordinary. Likewise, loved ones and friends exert quality time, money and effort to engage in intricate and elaborate preparations just to make one happy during these events. We acknowledge and realize that during these special occasions, we receive a blessing, a grace, a benefit, a lesson, a form of positive reward. During birthdays, aside from gifts, good food, and the company of loved ones, we get

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

Discussion - Assignment Example The organization management come up with guidelines that shall enhance quality, which are then followed by the employees. After a certain period feedback as well as the recommendation from the stakeholders are taken and the quality support team make necessary adjustments to foster the quality (Shi, 2007). In contemporary practice, there is always a consensus regarding the right of an individual to refuse some of the life-sustaining treatments like mechanical ventilation, blood transfusion and provision of artificial nutrition. The ethical, legal argument that supports this right was framed on the principle of autonomy and the right of a patient to self-determination of care. Resistance to health care describes an individual unwillingness to be helped by a healthcare provider and is manifested by defensive behaviours that may range from minor to aggression. In the facility that I practice, it is noted that risk management of resistance to care has shown to increase safety in the workplace. Some of the strategies that are used in the healthcare organization include increasing the number of staffs, appropriate follow-up of and enhancing security at the high-risk clinical areas. Staff with different field of specialization helps in handling patients who refuse care, this can be achieved through counselling or explaining the legal repercussion of the act. In addition, enhancing security in the organization helps in averting several risks in the hospital (Kable and McLeod 2012). Some of the interventions that were employed included: campaign media and promotion whereby mass media campaigns materials, pamphlets, posters and press releases were utilised. Healthcare professionals who enhanced adoption of systematic prevention programs provided health education. The speakers provided group education through showing videos that are related to prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, individuals were taught on the merits of weight loss as a

Relationship Between The Sublime And The Beautiful Philosophy Essay

Relationship Between The Sublime And The Beautiful Philosophy Essay Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten is a very significant figure in the philosophy of aesthetics, as he invented the word aesthetic as we know it in the modern day. Baumgarten defined aesthetics thus creating a science of taste. Initially, in his first critique, the Critique of Pure Reason (1781), Kant rejected Baumgartens account that aesthetic judgement is a form of taste. However, in the Critique of Judgement (1790), it is evident that Kant changed his mind, as it can be seen in his third critique that he indeed was influenced by Baumgarten, as he says that aesthetic judgement is a judgement of taste. This essay will begin by looking into a general account of Kants view on aesthetics, which will lead to examining his third critique the Critique of Judgement looking at the first book: Analytic of the Beautiful, of the first section: Analytic of Aesthetic Judgement, of Part I: Critique of Aesthetic Judgement. This will then lead to what Kant describes as the four moments of aesthetic judgement disinterestedness, universality, purposiveness and necessity. The essay will then discuss Kants notion of the sublime, looking at the main difference between beauty and the sublime and the types of sublime. This will then lead to the relationship between the sublime and the beautiful according to Kant and then will conclude by examining some criticisms of Kants aesthetic judgement. For Kant, there are two forms of the aesthetic the beautiful and the sublime. Although, Kants Critique of Judgement (CoJ) is the main source of his view on aesthetics, he also published another work on the topic in 1764 Observations on Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime, however, this is considered to be more interested in psychology rather than aesthetics (Kelly, 1998: 27). Douglas Burnham states in his book An Introduction to Kants The aesthetic judgement is the focal point in Kants third critique. It can be found that he began looking at judgement in the Aesthetic judgements are essentially judgements of taste according to Kant. The judgement of taste is aesthetic (Kant, 1790 in Cahn and Meskin, 2008: 131). When he says judgements of taste, he does not mean taste in sense of eating, but taste in the sense of whether someone has good or bad taste in something. There are four aspects of taste, which are as follows: quality, quantity, relation of the purpose and satisfaction of the object. These four aspects through which Kant expresses his aesthetic judgments are known as his Four Moments, which are most commonly known as: 1. Disinterest 2. Universality 3. Purposiveness 4. Necessity. Kant describes aesthetic judgements firstly as disinterested, saying that it only disinterested pleasure that can ground aesthetic judgements. There are three types of satisfaction in disinterest the agreeable, the beautiful and the good. The agreeable is subjective and so not universal; the beautiful is subjective yet demands that others agree and the good is objective but is based on concepts. Kant argues that it is only in the beautiful that we can be free and disinterested (Wenzel, 2005: 142). Kant begins his account of disinterestedness by defining what interest is ). There are two types of interest one is by sensation (in the agreeable) and the other by concepts (in the good). Sensation has got to do with the existence of a thing. When something exists we can feel it this is a common notion for everyone as we all say if we can feel ourselves pinching ourselves then we are not dreaming it is real (Burnham, 2000: 51). Burnham (ibid: 52) goes on to say that . This is indeed a Kantian claim, as Kants notion of disinterest is that of dismissing any interest when judging a thing beautiful. Aesthetic judgements are free from such interests. To be disinterested when judging art, means that interest is and as mentioned before, free from interest. Pure aesthetic judgements are unconcerned with the real existence of the object (Crowther, 2007: 68). Disinterest is at its most basic definition, an attempt to judge something beautiful, however remaining impartial while doing so. Kant talks about pleasure throughout his account of the beautiful, and to judge something aesthetically, a person is gaining a pleasure in something that they are disinterested in. Something must exist for it to be judged aesthetically, however, the judgement itself is a mental experience. As Burnham (2000: 52) says, it is the thing itself that is being judged, through the experiencing of it. This again is reminiscent of Kants notion of the thing in itself in his transcendental philosophy. (Kant, 1790 in Cahn and Meskin, 2008: 134). The second of Kants Four Moments is that of universality. Kant claims that in being disinterested about pleasure if the beautiful object, one can claim universal validity to judgement. As can be seen from the quote above, Kant says that a judgement is universal apart from concepts (ibid). Universality is not based on any concepts. If the judgement has concepts then it is suggesting that beauty is the property of the object (which it often is expressed as) that is being judged and this is not the case. Kant argues that subjective judgements are not universal, for example, if I said that the taste of chocolate pleases me and somebody else said that they did not like chocolate, then both of these are individual responses and both are correct. I do not expect everybody to like chocolate; neither does the other person think that everyone will not like chocolate just because they do not like it. Thus, subjective judgements are not universal. Obje ctive judgements are universal, however. Taking chocolate as an example once more, if one was to say that chocolate was sweet in relation to it containing a lot of sugar and another person said it is not, then it is evident that they are not aware of what the other meant; as it is a universal fact that chocolate is sweet (again in relation to it being full of sugar) (Burnham, 2000: 46-47). Therefore, aesthetic judgements are like objective judgments in the fact that they are both universal. However, being sweet is a property of chocolate and beauty according to Kant, is not a property of any object. Kant overcomes this obstacle of beauty becoming a property of the object by using as if. Kant acknowledges that each individual has their own taste , however, he states that and as mentioned earlier, judging the beautiful is a different story. Following on from saying that each person has their own taste, he says that: This is a notion he repeats throughout defining and explaining universality (in ibid: 134-135) and it is how he surmounts the idea of beauty being a property of an object he says it is as if it is a property of an object, not actually the property of the object! So to sum up universality, when someone is judging something to be beautiful, they expect that when making this judgement, that when it is judged by others, they are expected to judge it beautiful also and gain pleasure in it (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2005). Kants third moment is that of purposiveness (or finality or end, as Kant uses in his CoJ). Kant defines this moment There are three types of purpose: external, definite and internal. External purpose is if the purpose does what it is supposed to do. Definite purpose is what the purpose is meant to do and internal purpose is what the purpose is meant to be like. In this moment, Kant is trying to portray that things are judged to be beautiful if they are perceived to have a purpose, but not a particular purpose otherwise, the beautiful is something that is purposivenss without purpose. Kant is keeping with the no concept (from universality) here as the purpose of an object is the concept to which it was manufactured (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2005). An example of this third moment would be that of nature. Beauty in nature appears to be purposive, however it is of no use to us and it is for this reason that the beauty of nature is pleasurable to us (ibid). The fourth and final of Kants Four Moments, is that of necessity. The following is how Kant describes the importance of necessity in his CoJ: Satisfaction of encountering a beautiful object is what Kant calls a necessary pleasure and hence (universality coming into play again here) a pleasure of all perceivers of it. Aesthetic judgements must be necessary according to Kant. Along with necessity comes common sense, however, Kant does not mean common sense in the normal everyday meaning of the phrase, he means the actual senses that we all have (Burnham, 2000: 55) taste, touch, hearing, sight and smell. Hence, the sense of pleasure that one gets from judging something beautiful is that common sense. Necessity is again linked to universality in that the as if concept comes into play again in his fourth moment. As if in necessity is linked to that of the condition of necessity. The condition of necessity is what it is saying about the people who are judging an object beautiful. As Burnham (2000: 57) states, For Kant, the beautiful is not the only form of the aesthetic the other is the sublime. The Concise Oxford Dictionary (year: 1214), It is this awe that differentiates the beautiful from the sublime. The sublime is something that is beyond beauty. Kant defines the sublime as . Kant divides the sublime into two types the mathematical and the dynamical (ibid)). The mathematical is concerned with when we encounter vast, extensive, large objects size is the key component here we cannot get our heads around something that is so monumentally extensive. Because of its size, we cannot grasp it sensibly and so it brings about a terror within us. We cannot take it all in at once so it becomes too overwhelming (Burnham, 2000: 91). It contains feelings of exhilaration and being overwhelmed. Take the example of a violent storm; if I am frightened by the storm, this inevitably leads to an interest in saving myself. Once I have expressed an interest, then I cannot experience the sublime as the s ublime, like the beautiful, involves disinterestedness. It is so great in size that we cannot comprehend it as it almost becomes so vast that our imagination runs away with itself (McCloskey, 1987: 98). The dynamical sublime relates to power. It concerns our experience of the mighty, the powerful, dangerous objects or phenomena which we regard from a position of safety. Take again the example of a violent storm a natural disaster. When we see something like this violent storm we know that it can crush and overpower us, however, we as rational beings can summon up enough moral courage to resist the terror and fear that the storm gave rise to. Summoning up this moral courage is something that only a rational being can do. Because we are experiencing the storm from a safe distance, we know that we are safe so that interest of saving ourselves does not exist and thus we can experience the sublime. For Kant, the sublime is essentially something we experience (influence of Heidegger here). The Wanderer above the Sea of Fog by Caspar David Friedrich, is probably the best painting that represents Kants idea of the sublime. As can be seen below, Friedrich used nature to portray the sublime. The painting illustrates a man standing alone, looking out onto vast scenery of thick fog covering a mountain range, observing it from a position of safety suggests that this image is that of the dynamical sublime. Kant begins his Analytic of the Sublime (Book II of The Critique of Aesthetic Judgement) with the similarities between the beautiful and the sublime. What can be seen first is evident both are aesthetic judgements. Both involve disinterested pleasure; that is when making an aesthetic judgement, the person judging must remain impartial while judging the object beautiful; the sublime in the case of dynamical sublime, taking the example of the storm again, when experiencing the storm from a safe distance where the person knows no harm can be done to themselves, they can view the sheer effect that the storm is having and thus experience the sublime. Both the beautiful and the sublime also have a universal aspect to them the force of the storm and looking at its impact from afar, should indeed have the same effect on everyone. However, it can be established that the third moment purposiveness is not in common to the two types of the aesthetic. As Burnham (2000: 90) mentions, Kant desc ribes pleasure in the introduction to the CoJ, as However, the sublime does not allow an achievement of an end. Kants aesthetics has been criticised by many a philosopher since. Gadamer (who was highly influenced by Heidegger) criticised that Kants aesthetics was ultimately subjectivist. Gadamer stresses that Kants aesthetics is not linked to a proper knowledge. Gadamer says that Kant limits his aesthetic judgement to mere experience of the pleasurable. He says that by limiting our experience through the four moments, it does not challenge us enough in making the judgements  [1]  . Many critics have also tried to criticise Kant on what disinterested pleasure actually is. It has also been criticised that Kants notion of the aesthetic judgement say nothing about art as a developing concept. This essay has examined Kants four moments of aesthetic judgement of the beautiful, looking at aesthetic judgements as being made by a person who must remain impartial and not interested in the object of judgement; seeing all aesthetic judgements as universal, that is that if an aesthetic judgement is made then everyone will agree. Each aesthetic judgement is made with purposive but without an end in sight and all aesthetic judgements are necessary. It has then gone on to discuss the sublime, looking at the two types of sublime the mathematical and the dynamical; the mathematical concerning that which is so extensive in size, it overcomes us and the dynamical being that we are observing something very powerful from a position of safety and so are able to experience the sublime. The essay then looks into the relationship that the sublime and the beautiful have by looking at the similarities and differences that are in each; similarities being that they are both forms of the aesthetic , they are both reflective judgements, they both involve disinterestedness and are both universal. This essay has concluded by looking at a few criticisms of Kants aesthetics looking at Gadamer (and Heidegger) who thought that Kants view on the aesthetic was too subjectivist and has also looked at how Kants aesthetics shows nothing of how art in the aesthetic judgement as a developing concept. It is evident that Kant indeed influenced many aesthetic philosophers after him as his aesthetic theory can be seen in many a philosopher of art since then, both of influence and criticism.

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JERUSALEM (Reuters) - An attacker police suspected was a Palestinian woman detonated explosives in Jerusalem's main shopping street on Sunday, killing herself and an elderly Israeli and wounding dozens, Israeli police said. The blast on Jaffa Road was the third attack on an Israeli city center in less than a week and raised the specter of fresh Israeli retaliation. It was also likely to increase Israeli and U.S. pressure on Palestinian President Yasser Arafat (news - web sites) to do more to rein in militants behind the mounting wave of bloodshed. Israeli police said the bomber and an 81-year-old Israeli man were killed, but the circumstances of the attack were not immediately clear. ``We are not calling her a suicide bomber, just a bomber. She is not an innocent bystander. There is a host of possibilities regarding how the bomb went off,'' police spokesman Gil Kleiman said. He said they suspected she was a Palestinian. It was the first time a female bomber has carried out a fatal bomb attack in Israel during the 16-month old Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation. ``We've had intelligence warnings on woman suicide attackers, albeit not recently,'' Deputy Public Security Minister Gideon Ezra told Reuters. There was no immediate claim of responsibility. CYCLE OF RETRIBUTION The Palestinian Authority (news - web sites) condemned the attack. In a statement, it called on the United States, which last week postponed a truce mission by its envoy Anthony Zinni, to send him back to the region without delay. Two days ago a Palestinian suicide bomber killed himself and wounded 25 people in Tel Aviv. Last Tuesday, a Palestinian gunman killed two Israeli women on Jaffa Road, near the scene of Sunday's bombing. Police shot him dead. Voicing criticism of Arafat after Friday's blast, President Bush (news - web sites) told reporters: ``I am disappointed in Yasser Arafat. He must make a full effort to rout out terror in the Middle East.'' Sunday's explosion occurred near the Sbarro pizzeria where a Palestinian suicide bomber killed 16 in August. Photos Reuters Photo Asked about Israeli retaliation, Dore Gold, an adviser to Prime Minister Ariel Sharon (news - web sites), said: ``The military will bring its recommendations for the approval of the political echelon.'' Israeli jets fired missiles on Friday at Palestinian security targets in the West Bank and Gaza, wounding two Palestinians in retaliation for Friday's suicide bombing attack. And an Israeli missile strike on Thursday followed the shooting attack that killed the two Israeli women.

Dance as an Art Form

The history of dance as an art can be traced with the emergence of cultures around the world and with the evolution of mankind. In early civilizations, dance has been a very essential part of their primitive cultures. When people asked for rain, they danced for the gods of rain. Or when they want to have a good catch, they would move as if they were pulling a net full of fishes. In essence, man expressed himself through movement when oral and spoken language was still on their nascent stage. Together with the visual arts, dance was the first mode of expression and communication.With the progress of different societies, dance has also evolved and adapted to the changes. From religious activities to public performances, dance and other similar movements were popularized as a means of easily understanding the message. Facial expressions, activities familiar to the audience were also characteristic of this art form. As the society advanced to a more sophisticated and more interactive com munity of cultures, dance has also evolved and surpassed its role in the religious activities and courts of rulers. Social dancing as we know it today traces its origins in three possible foundations.Ballroom dancing for example became popular with courtesans in the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe and not much participated by the commoners. Such exclusivity of dance to the aristocracy distanced ballroom dancing from being patronized by the greater public. It was only after the political and social reforms in the 18th and 19th centuries that the dances of the aristocracy also became popular with the masses. Thus, from being confined to a wealthy few, dance has also benefited from the economic and political victories of the lower and middle classes.Somehow, dance became an integral part of the politicization of culture. The most popular of these ballroom dances is the waltz which originated from the Austrian courts. The dance itself represented the political trend. As the society de viated from dogmatism and rigidity so was the spirit they found in waltz. Due to its popularity, waltz as an art form began to deteriorate and was eclipsed by other dances now unconfined to the elite. The 20th century found the convergence of South American and Caribbean music and rhythm which had more primitive origins.Social dancing evolved from its origins in Europe to a concoction of various cultures. Tap dance and folk dances also influenced the development of social dancing that through time, artistic components were added and invented or revived to produce a more vibrant variety of dances. In the course of the evolution of human societies, culture has adapted to the changes brought about by the modifications in the economic foundations of the era. Culture, as a part of the superstructure, changed through time.The early models of human production system were a very nature-dependent system and as a result they also had a nature-themed dance or dances which depicted movements, p henomenon and mysteries in nature. Come the slave societies, dance depicted the state of the society. Though there was a lineated domain of dance. The ruling slave owners appreciated dances which exemplified their dominion over their slaves, depicted their power while slave communities dance as they intend to be liberated and break free from the bonds of slavery.That is how society and culture works in dynamic and co-relational interactions. Different societies have different levels of appreciation for dance. Aesthetics can not only be solely responsible for the development of dance, utilitarian values are also of prime consideration. The emergence of a ruling class made it possible for dance to attain its position as an art in the courts of the kings and emperors. Utilized as a form of entertainment for the ruler and visiting dignitaries, dance has been appreciated more ever since for the aesthetic qualities that it had than message that it conveyed.What was pleasant for the audien ce became a prime reason for the development of dances. What the ruling class appreciated as art were also the same for their subjects. Historical accounts suggest how dance reached such point beginning as early as the Egyptian civilization. Egyptian society witnessed the evolution of dance from simple hunting rituals during the ancient times. Connected with the religious aspect of their economic activities, dance was used to summon goodwill from the gods and assure bountiful keep.As the Egyptian society progressed, dance was separated from its ritualistic character and was focused in the formal religious necessities. Evident in their movements were the daily activities of the Egyptian people. Greek culture draws its ancestry from Egypt and similarly started out as part of the religious exercises. Dance was seen incorporated to drama and dance festivities. Similarly, Greek dance expressed the activities of the people and each dance corresponds to a certain activity and character of the audience.In Europe, the complete evolution of dance from its utilitarian concepts to an aesthetic value started to surface as early as 364 BC. Though the main purpose was really to honor the gods, dance was also used to entertain the population in times of plagues or any catastrophic events. Since then, dance has been viewed as an art to be appreciated by the population and not only by the gods. Therefore, historically speaking, dance has served its purpose of contextualizing of human thoughts. Expression of these thoughts provided the reason for evolution.

Believers Baptism Essay Example

Believers Baptism Essay Example Believers Baptism Paper Believers Baptism Paper All Christians take part in the sacraments, if this is Baptism or the Eucharist. A sacrament is a special visible sign that puts us into contact with God. When people believe in God, they reach out threw words, gestures and through certain forms of celebration. In our daily lives words are the first form of communication; gestures add to these words, almost illustrating what we try to say. Using our words and gestures, we can show God our love and understanding to him with sacraments. Taking part in baptism, commits us to worship Jesus teachings and God. In order us to worship God; we must reach out to him, as he already reaches out to us through the sacraments. The two most widely accepted sacraments are Baptism and the Eucharist; the majority of Christians recognize seven Sacrament. These are Baptism, Eucharist, Confirmation, Ordination, Marriage, Penance and the Anointing of the sick. Christians celebrate the sacraments because it makes people become more holy; as it shows the people, how to worship God. The sacraments teach, strengthen and express faith in such a way that we humans can communicate our love and gifts to God through the sacraments. Celebrating the sacraments also brings communities together. Everyone in the community is willing to help with each others problems. This is what the Kingdom of God is; the community itself, working together and worshiping God, within the sacraments. Christians also celebrate sacraments as a way to live like Jesus. Jesus didnt need to be baptised. This shows us that the sacraments bring us closer to God, and to internal life in the kingdom of God. This is why Christians celebrate the sacraments, as we are obliged to live like Jesus as much as we can. Baptism is the sacrament which welcomes us into the Christian community and the Kingdom of God by using everyday substances such as water, oil, a white Garment, Candles and the sign of the cross. Water is a symbolism of our daily life and baptism, we use water for drinking, washing, cooking and life, oil is a symbolism of healing and strength used everyday in heating, healing, pollution and wealth, the white garment is a symbol of purity and light seen everyday in clouds, cleansing-ness and surrender, the candle symbolises light and new life found in fire and guidance, the sign of the cross symbolises the start and end of a prayer and Jesus, this is like the start and end of our lives, in baptism and in death. In the time of Jesus, baptism was taken by adults. As Jesus was baptised as an adult, we should do as much as we can to live in the same way as Jesus. This is what happens in the case in Believers Baptism. They believe that children and infants are not ready to join the Christian community and that they should learn everything about the life and death of Jesus and the scriptures. They also believe that people should be fully sub-merged and the trinity is present, as the gift of the spirit, which belong to the community; but the mortality rate of children and infants were low as there were no effective vaccines for diseases. Eventually mothers wanted their children to be baptised as soon as possible, as infants, because if their children died, they were scared that when they went to heaven their children wouldnt be there with them. This is why Infant baptism is widely popular in the Christian faith. Infant baptism believes that the child and their family should be welcomed at the door; this is a sign of welcoming into the community and their commitment to Gods work in their life. Then both parents and godparents accept their responsibility on the childs mental and spiritual wellbeing. In the ceremony two crosses are made on the childs forehead, one of the oil of catechumen, giving the child strength to cope with difficult times and the oil of chrism, a mixture of olive oil and a perfume of Balsam which signifies the beauty and dignity of a child. Then water is poured over the childs head, showing the washing away of original sin (Belief in the Catholic Church), and rebirth of the childs faith. After this, a candle is lit from the Baptismal candle, this light symbolises the light of Christs teachings, and to help the child to be guided in the Dark times of their life. Finally the sign of the cross is used to signify the presence and belief of the trinity, also to signify that the child is marked by the ultimate Christian symbol. In Marks gospel Jesus was baptised by John the Baptist in the river Jordan. As soon as Jesus came out of the water, he saw heaven opening and the spirit coming down on him like a dove. And a voice came from heaven, you are my own dear Son. I am pleased with you. (Mark1: 10-11). John the Baptist baptised Jesus with water, but Jesus will baptize us with the Holy Spirit. This shows us that When Jesus got baptised, heaven opened and the spirit came down on him like a dove; a voice from heaven said, Youre my own dear son. I am pleased with you. This marked a significant period in his life. This shows us that through word of mouth, there was not much known about Jesus life. John the Baptist knew that Jesus was so great that he was not good enough even to bend down and untie Jesus sandals; This is sceptical as how did John the Baptist know this? It could either be that John the Baptist has heard of Jesus before, and believes that he is the son of God or John the Baptist is the prophet Isaiah and was sent down by God to help Jesus become aware that he is the Messiah. This period followed 40 days and 40 nights in the desert as Jesus was tempted by the Devil. This baptism is unique in the sense that it had certain characteristics that had not been part of the normal ritual of cleansing in 30AD. When Jesus was submerged into the water the entire trinity was present and Gods voice marked not only the approval of what Jesus was doing at the time but also of what is meant for his future, a new understanding and teaching of Gods unconditional love. Jesus baptism was the beginning of his mission on earth carried on by millions daily of Gods work. Jesus baptism marked a significant moment in his life. He showed he approved of Johns baptism, when he allowed John to baptise him in the Jordan. However his baptism was unique, it had certain characteristics that had not been part of the ritual of cleansing. When Jesus was submerged in the water, the entire trinity was present and Gods voice marked not only the approval of what Jesus was doing at the time but also of what it meant for his future, a new life of teaching Gods love. Jesus in his own way was making a personal commitment to God and anticipated that the community gathered at the Jordan and further a field would Listen to Him. Surely you know that you are Gods temple and that Gods Spirit lives in you! So if anyone destroys God temple, God will destroy him. For Gods temple is holy, and you yourselves are his temple. This text, wrote by St. Paul to one of the first groups of Christians, explains that all people should get baptised as we are a body which can hold the Holy Spirit. It is our holy spirit which is a powerful force, i nside us when we get baptised from God which is our strength, our character and courage. It is given to us in two occasions, baptism and confirmation. We then become a full member of the kingdom of God. Baptism is the beginning of a new life and a washing of original sins. In the time of Jesus baptism was a sacrament, which took place in large areas of water like rivers, lakes and seas where Adults where baptised, fully submerged into the water, this is called total submersion, which was only done to adults, because children where known to be too young, but afterwards, centurys ahead infant baptism was introduced as their was a high fatality rate and parents where sacred that their child wouldnt join them in heaven. Baptism is a new birth into a new birth into greater life, the life of God himself. In baptism we become brothers and sisters of Jesus and with him children of God, sharing the life of the blessed trinity. The sacrament of baptism is a celebration of Gods gifts of new life, through which we become members of the family of God. Being christened at baptism involves a call to spend our lives trying to become like Christ; a true follower of his. The sacrament is an assurance that God, who saves us, also gives us his spirit to dwell within us and to teach us how to live. The sacrament itself signifies the bringing of the child/member into the light of faith of the church, they become receivers of grace. Christians belong to each other, as a faith community and belong to God. Baptism signifies our discipleship; becoming like Christ, following in his footsteps. Christian membership of the church means Christians are gods stewards in the world, and have to act on his behalf. Every Christian is called by God. Every Christian is given a vocation to use their life and talents as a member of Gods family. When Jesus told the parable of the talents, he explained that all our actions and how we use our talents will be judged upon in judgement day. This shows us that Christians who belong to the Roman Catholic Church have a choice of three ways in which to carry out the vocation they have received in baptism and confirmation. They can carry out their responsibilities as a single or married lay person; they can choose to join a religious order or congregation, even some men may be called to be a deacon, priest or bishop. Baptism affects our life in many ways, these can be from our behaviour in life to our lifestyles, even the decisions we believe is our own. Baptism is a kind of assurance that God, who saves us, also gives us his spirit to dwell in us, teach us and guide us how to live. Believers in Christ, as full members after adult baptism or after receiving the three sacraments of initiation into the Roman Catholic Church, face decisions about life, behaviour, beliefs, values, morals and face choices on their vocation. Christians who belong into the Roman Catholic tradition have a choice of three ways in which to carry out the vocation they received in both baptism and confirmation; as a single or married lay person, a part of a religious order or to be called as a deacon, priest or bishop. Christians, who belong to the Baptist church, can alternatively become ministers, preachers or lay people. Christians can fulfil their chosen vocation by dedicating their life for God, in teaching and preaching the gospel, being leaders in the church, guiding and supporting people. Lay people apply Christs teachings to the problems of the world. They promote world equality and world peace. This is done mostly through charities like Trocaire, Christian aid and St. Vincent de Paul. These are charities in which everyone can help. These charities are usually set up by someone who feels the need to help the worlds poverty, chastity and obedience. Examples of such people are Martin Luther King, Bob Geldof and Mother Teresa. Mother Teresa, also known as St. Thi ri se of Lisieux; is an example of a contemplative nun who prayed specially for the needs of the church and is now the patron saint of the missions. She was concentrated to God at her profession. At firs, the vows are made for a limited time, like one year; then the final profession is made, to be used forever. Anyone who wishes to be baptised are baptised in their local church; it is a widely celebrated sacrament often celebrated by the community, family and friends of the family. The sacrament of baptism is usually taken as soon as possible at 3 months. The sacrament of baptism starts at the front door; the priest welcomes the candidate at the front door, such as God is welcoming the candidate into the kingdom of God. Then the parents and godparents walk up onto to the alter, the priest then gives the baptismal promises to the godparents or the candidate, who then says I do to accept the promises. These are taken on behalf of the child, to take the responsibility of teaching the Christian faith until the child is confirmed, a full member of the church. The candidate is then given a name, recognised by Christian church, as Jesus said No man should be given a mission, without being asked by their name. The candidate is then given the sign of the cross, a sign that the child belongs to God and Jesus suffered life to save the child, in the oil of Catechumen, a oil used for healing of the body, which helps the candidate to cope with difficult times on their journey of faith; after in which a sign of the cross in applied in the oil of chrism, this oil is used to anoint kings and priests, it is used in baptism to anoint the candidate for a special journey, and that the child is Unique in the eyes of God. The candidate is then brought to the font; in the font is water, a sign of life, cleansing and purity. At the font the baby is dressed in a white garment; while the godparents holds the priest then lights a candle from the light of the pastoral candle, which is given to the parents as a light of Christ, and that Christ will now guide the child to Christian life and to be a light to the world and live like Jesus does, to guide others to the light and the kingdom of God. As the priest then sprinkles holy water from the font, onto the Childs forehead three times, a sign of life, cleansing and purity, while saying I baptise you in the name of the father, the son and the holy spirit. At the end of the sacrament of baptism, the priest goes to the alter and says the rite of baptism to the candidate. The rite of baptism includes a point towards confirmation and first communion, the other sacraments that complete the annotation into the Christian community and the Kingdom of God. The sacrament of Baptism brings out the great respect which is due to human life. Christians may agree about the sanctity of human life when they are present at a joyful occasion like a baptism or confirmation. However, once they have accepted that human life is a holy thing, they have to face great practical problems about preventing new life by conception or abortion, a contrasting point. But it is important to remember that we are subjects of God, and should live as gods wants us and how Jesus showed us to. The quote baptising babies is pointless, is tying to argument that babies are not intellectual enough to become a full member of the kingdom of God, as they do not possess the knowledge of what religion is or the meaning of their church, but I do not agree that baptising babies is pointless. When a baby is introduced into the Kingdom of God, it immediately receives the spirit which will help and guide it to live like Jesus, which is an example of how God wants us all to live. This is what Jesus did for the three years when he was in ministry. Jesus strained to us using the means of teaching that was most common of stories or parables. As Jesus said: To you, the kingdom of god has been given; they may look and look, but see nothing; they may here and hear, but not understand anything; otherwise they might turn to God and be forgiven. (Mark4: 11-12) This shows us that when you are baptised, when you look for the kingdom of God, you can see it and when you hear the message, you understand, but if you dont get baptised into the Kingdom of God you wont see when you look or understand when you hear the kingdom of God; so to be baptised is the key to the Kingdom of God. As infants do not possess the intelligence to understand or to see, the godparents do this for them. The godparents act as the infants eyes and ears, showing the child the parables in a way that they understand. These infants then grow up with these understandings and stories, knowing the difference of right and wrong from a very young age. When adults are baptised they do know what the kingdom of God is, they know what is expected of them and how to spread the word. This is because they where not taught how to live their life as Christians. They are only taught by the gospel and parables, not through understanding of the Kingdom of God. But Jesus was also baptised by John the Baptist, so to live in the footsteps of Jesus almost, expects us to get baptised as adults, but it could also be said that Jesus was baptised at the start of his ministry, this shows that the start of Jesus ministry was like the start of his life. Jesus set an example to get baptised, so does that mean we should get baptised at the start of our life, and to make our life our ministry? I do not believe that Baptising babies is pointless, I believe that we should be baptised at the start, of everything; our lives, our ministry and our commitment to God. I understand that we should commit to our life with help from our parents, grand-parents and God-parents. We should get baptised at as soon as we can, and are willing to accept the mission God calls us upon. We should live our lives as long as we can in the Kingdom of God to serve our father; even if we dont know we are doing at first, but the teaching of Christ will come to us as first nature if we are taught throughout our lives.

Brigadier General Nathaniel Lyon in the Civil War

Brigadier General Nathaniel Lyon in the Civil War Nathaniel Lyon - Early Life Career: The son of Amasa and Kezia Lyon, Nathaniel Lyon was born at Ashford, CT on July 14, 1818.   Though his parents were farmers, Lyon had little interest in pursuing a similar path.   Inspired by relatives who had served in the American Revolution, he instead sought a military career.   Gaining entry to West Point in 1837, Lyons classmates included John F. Reynolds, Don Carlos Buell, and Horatio G. Wright.   While at the academy, he proved an above average student and graduated in 1841 ranked 11th in a class of 52.   Commissioned as a second lieutenant, Lyon received orders to join the Company I, 2nd US Infantry and served with the unit during the Second Seminole War.   Nathaniel Lyon - Mexican-American War: Returning north, Lyon commenced garrison duty at Madison Barracks at Sacketts Harbor, NY.   Known as a tough disciplinarian with a fiery temper, he was court-martialed following an incident in which he beat a drunken private with the flat of his sword before hog-tying him and throwing him in jail.   Suspended from duty for five months, Lyons behavior led him to be arrested twice more prior to the beginning of the Mexican-American War in 1846.   Though he had concerns regarding the countrys motivation for war, he traveled south in 1847 as part of Major General Winfield Scotts army. Commanding a company in the 2nd Infantry, Lyon earned praise for his performance in the Battles of Contreras and Churubusco in August as well as received a brevet promotion to captain.   The following month, he sustained a minor leg wound in the final battle for Mexico City.   In recognition of his service, Lyon earned a promotion to first lieutenant.   With the end of the conflict, Lyon was sent to northern California to aid in maintaining order during the Gold Rush.   In 1850, he commanded an expedition sent to locate and punish members of the Pomo tribe for the deaths of two settlers.   During the mission, his men killed a large number of innocent Pomo in what became known as the Bloody Island Massacre. Nathaniel Lyon - Kansas: Ordered to Fort Riley, KS in 1854, Lyon, now a captain, was angered by the terms of the Kansas-Nebraska Act which permitted the settlers in each territory to vote to determine whether slavery would be permitted.   This resulted in a flood of pro- and anti-slavery elements into Kansas which in turn led to wide-ranging guerrilla warfare known as Bleeding Kansas.   Moving through the US Armys outposts in the territory, Lyon attempted to help keep the peace but steadily began supporting the Free State cause and the new Republican Party.   In 1860, he published a series of political essays in the Western Kansas Express which made his views clear.   As the secession crisis began following the election of Abraham Lincoln, Lyon received orders to take command of the St. Louis Arsenal on January 31, 1861. Nathaniel Lyon - Missouri: Arriving in St. Louis on February 7, Lyon entered a tense situation which saw the largely Republican city isolated in a mostly Democratic state.   Concerned about the actions of pro-secession Governor Claiborne F. Jackson, Lyon became allies with Republican Congressmen Francis P. Blair.   Assessing the political landscape, he advocated for decisive action against Jackson and enhanced the arsenals defenses.   Lyons options were hampered somewhat by Department of the West commander Brigadier General William Harney who favored a wait and see approach to dealing with the secessionists.   To combat the situation, Blair, through St. Louis Committee of Safety, commenced raising volunteer units comprised of German immigrants while also lobbying Washington for Harneys removal.         Though a tense neutrality existed through March, events accelerated in April following the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter.   When Jackson refused to raise the volunteer regiments requested by President Lincoln, Lyon and Blair, with permission from Secretary of War Simon Cameron, took it upon themselves to enlist the called for troops.   These volunteer regiments quickly filled and Lyon was elected their brigadier general.   In response, Jackson raised the state militia, part of which gathered outside the city at what became known as Camp Jackson.   Concerned about this action and alerted to a plan to smuggle Confederate weapons into the camp, Lyon scouted the area, and with the aid of Blair and Major John Schofield, devised a plan to surround the militia. Moving on May 10, Lyons forces succeeded in capturing the militia at Camp Jackson and began marching these prisoners to the St. Louis Arsenal.   En route, the Union troops were pelted with insults and debris.   At one point, a shot rang out which mortally wounded Captain Constantine Blandowski.   Following additional shots, part of Lyons command fired into the crowd killing 28 civilians.   Reaching the arsenal, the Union commander paroled the prisoners and ordered them to disperse.   Though his actions were applauded by those with Union sympathies, they led to Jackson passing a military bill which created the Missouri State Guard under the leadership of former governor Sterling Price.   Nathaniel Lyon - Battle of Wilson Creek: Promoted to brigadier general in the Union Army on May 17, Lyon assumed command of the Department of the West later that month.   A short time later, he and Blair met with Jackson and Price in an attempt to negotiate peace.   These efforts failed and Jackson and Price moved towards Jefferson City with the Missouri State Guard.   Unwilling to lose the state capital, Lyon moved up the Missouri River and occupied the city on June 13.   Moving against Prices troops, he won a victory at Booneville four days later and compelled the Confederates to retreat to the southwest.   After installing a pro-Union state government, Lyon added reinforcements to his command which he dubbed the Army of the West on July 2.   While Lyon encamped at Springfield on July 13, Prices command united with Confederate troops led by Brigadier General Benjamin McCulloch.   Moving north, this combined force intended to attack Springfield.   This plan soon came apart as Lyon departed the town on August 1. Advancing, he took the offensive with the goal of surprising the enemy.   An initial skirmish at Dug Springs the next day saw Union forces victorious, but Lyon learned that he was badly outnumbered.   Assessing the situation, Lyon made plans to retreat to Rolla, but first decided to mount a spoiling attack on McCulloch, who was encamped at Wilsons Creek, to delay the Confederate pursuit.   Attacking on August 10, the Battle of Wilson Creek initially saw Lyons command have success until its efforts were halted by the enemy.   As the fighting raged, the Union commander sustained two wounds but remained on the field.   Around 9:30 AM, Lyon was hit in the chest and killed while leading a charge forward.   Nearly overwhelmed, Union troops withdrew from the field later that morning.   Though a defeat, Lyons rapid actions in the preceding weeks helped keep Missouri in Union hands.   Left on the field in the confusion of the retreat, Lyons body was recovered by the Confederates and buried at a local farm.   Later recovered, his body was re-interred in his family plot in Eastford, CT where around 15,000 attended his funeral.   Ã‚   Selected Sources Civil War Trust: Nathaniel LyonState Historical Society of Missouri: Nathaniel LyonFirebrand in a Powder Keg

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 19

Assignment - Essay Example There are many Companies, providing different services in the field of communication, but such leaders as Century Link, are the perfect examples of high-quality services, ability to be reliable and gain a public trust. These objectives are reached through completion of exact tasks. The company provides the users with high-speed Internet. It is interested in providing the customers with security and PC support services, IPTV, DISH Network, MobiTV and DirecTV services (Century Link). Consequently, Century Link is one of the leading companies, providing the clients not only with high-quality phone and data networking equipment, but also the Company, which is able to develop appropriate solutions. The Company establishes its relations with the customers on the basis of fairness and trust. The employees of the Company are protected, compensated and promoted in an equitable manner.  Business partners are pleased with cooperation of CenturyLink. This can be explained by the fact that the Company develops its policies in accordance with the following statement: â€Å"Treat others as you would like to be treated† (Century Link). Moreover, there is no doubt that Century Link would justify its name and it is interesting to look at the history of the Company. There are many characteristics of this Company, but the point that it is brave and innovative cannot be denied for sure. Thus, Century Link is defined as â€Å"the largest Independent Telecommunications Provider and fourth largest wire line telecommunications provider in the United States - based on access lines - serving 33 states with 7.5 million access lines, 2.1 million broadband customers, 450,000 video subscribers and a nearly 17,000-mile core fiber network† (Century Link). These figures are impressive, aren’t they? Nevertheless, in order to delve into the depths of this success, it is appropriate for the audience to know that the Company was established in 1930! The Company